CEFR Language Reception (Reading/Listening) Descriptors

skillfully use contextual, grammatical and lexical cues to infer attitude, mood and intentions and anticipate what will come next.

skillfully use contextual, grammatical and lexical cues to infer attitude, mood and intentions and anticipate what will come next.

use a variety of strategies to achieve comprehension, including watching out for main points and checking comprehension by using contextual clues.

exploit different types of connectors (numerical, temporal, logical) and the role of key paragraphs in the overall organisation in order to better understand the argumentation in a text.

extrapolate the meaning of a section of a text by taking into account the text as a whole.

identify the meaning of unfamiliar wordss from the context on topics related to their field and interests.

extrapolate the meaning of occasional unknown wordss from the context and deduce sentence meaning, provided the topic discussed is familiar.

make basic inferences or predictions about text content from headings, titles or headlines.

watch or listen to a short narrative and predict what will happen next.

follow a line of argumentation or the sequence of events in a story, by focusing on common logical connectors (e.g. however, because) and temporal connectors (e.g. after that, beforehand).

deduce the probable meaning of unknown words in a text by identifying their constituent parts (e.g. identifying roots, lexical elements, suffixes and prefixes).

use an idea of the overall meaning of short texts and utterances on everyday topics of a concrete type to derive the probable meaning of unknown words from the context.

exploit their recognition of known words to deduce the meaning of unfamiliar words in short expressions used in routine everyday contexts.

exploit format, appearance and typographic features in order to identify the type of text: news story, promotional text, article, textbook, chat or forum, etc.

exploit numbers, dates, names, proper nouns, etc. to identify the topic of a text.

deduce the meaning and function of unknown formulaic expressions from their position in a text (e.g. at the beginning or end of a letter).

deduce the meaning of an unknown word for a concrete action or object, provided the surrounding text is very simple, and on a familiar everyday subject.

guess the probable meaning of an unknown word that is similar to one in the language they normally use.

deduce the meaning of a word from an accompanying picture or icon.