CEFR Writing Descriptors

produce clear, smoothly flowing, complex texts in an appropriate and effective style and a logical structure which helps the reader identify significant points.

produce clear, well-structured texts of complex subjects, underlining the relevant salient issues, expanding and supporting points of view at some length with subsidiary points, reasons and relevant examples, and rounding off with an appropriate conclusion.

employ the structure and conventions of a variety of genres, varying the tone, style and register according to addressee, text type and theme.

produce clear, detailed texts on a variety of subjects related to their field of interest, synthesising and evaluating information and arguments from a number of sources.

produce straightforward connected texts on a range of familiar subjects within their field of interest, by linking a series of shorter discrete elements into a linear sequence.

produce a series of simple phrases and sentences linked with simple connectors like "and", "but" and "because".

give information about matters of personal relevance (e.g. likes and dislikes, family, pets) using simple words and basic expressions.

produce simple isolated phrases and sentences.

give basic personal information (e.g. name, address, nationality), perhaps with the use of a dictionary.

relate clear, smoothly flowing and engaging stories and descriptions of experience in a style appropriate to the genre adopted.

exploit idiom and humour appropriately to enhance the impact of the text.

produce clear, detailed, well-structured and developed descriptions and imaginative texts in an assured, personal, natural style appropriate to the reader in mind.

incorporate idiom and humour, though use of the latter is not always appropriate.

give a detailed critical review of cultural events (e.g. plays, films, concerts) or literary works.

give clear, detailed descriptions of real or imaginary events and experiences marking the relationship between ideas in clear connected text, and following established conventions of the genre concerned.

give clear, detailed descriptions on a variety of subjects related to their field of interest.

give a review of a film, book or play.

clearly signal chronological sequence in narrative text.

give a simple review of a film, book or TV programme using a limited range of language.

give straightforward, detailed descriptions on a range of familiar subjects within their field of interest.

give accounts of experiences, describing feelings and reactions in simple, connected text.

give a description of an event, a recent trip – real or imagined.

narrate a story.

describe everyday aspects of their environment e.g. people, places, a job or study experience in linked sentences.

give very short, basic descriptions of events, past activities and personal experiences.

tell a simple story (e.g. about events on a holiday or about life in the distant future).

produce a series of simple phrases and sentences about their family, living conditions, educational background, or present or most recent job.

create short, simple imaginary biographies and simple poems about people.

create diary entries that describe activities (e.g. daily routine, outings, sports, hobbies), people and places, using basic, concrete vocabulary and simple phrases and sentences with simple connectives like "and", "but" and "because".

compose an introduction to a story or continue a story, provided they can consult a dictionary and references (e.g. tables of verb tenses in a course book).

produce simple phrases and sentences about themselves and imaginary people, where they live and what they do.

describe in very simple language what a room looks like.

use simple words/signs and phrases to describe certain everyday objects (e.g. the colour of a car, whether it is big or small).

produce clear, smoothly flowing, complex reports, articles or essays which present a case, or give critical appreciation of proposals or literary works.

provide an appropriate and effective logical structure which helps the reader identify significant points.

set out multiple perspectives on complex academic or professional topics, clearly distinguishing their own ideas and opinions from those in the sources.

produce clear, well-structured expositions of complex subjects, underlining the relevant salient issues.

expand and support points of view at some length with subsidiary points, reasons and relevant examples.

produce a suitable introduction and conclusion to a longer report, article or dissertation on a complex academic or professional topic provided the topic is within their field of interest and there are opportunities for redrafting and revision.

produce an essay or report which develops an argument systematically with appropriate highlighting of significant points and relevant supporting detail. produce a detailed description of a complex process.

evaluate different ideas or solutions to a problem.

produce an essay or report which develops an argument, giving reasons in support of or against a particular point of view and explaining the advantages and disadvantages of various options.

synthesise information and arguments from a number of sources.

produce short, simple essays on topics of interest.

produce a text on a topical subject of personal interest, using simple language to list advantages and disadvantages, and give and justify their opinion.

summarise, report and give their opinion about accumulated factual information on familiar routine and non-routine matters within their field with some confidence.

produce very brief reports in a standard conventionalised format, which pass on routine factual information and state reasons for actions.

present a topic in a short report or poster, using photographs and short blocks of text.

produce simple texts on familiar subjects of interest, linking sentences with connectors like "and", "because" or "then".

give their impressions and opinions about topics of personal interest (e.g. lifestyles and culture, stories), using basic everyday vocabulary and expressions.

No descriptors available